冶金工程技术专题报告——炼钢
作者：包燕平
发布时间：2013-06-26
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钢铁冶金分学科发展——炼钢↑↑
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包燕平↑↑
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↑Development of Iron a↑nd Steel Metallurgy——Steel Making↑↑↑
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Bao Yanping↑↑
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Since the beginning of this new century, China’s iron a↑nd steel industry has been developed constantly a↑nd rapidly. As fo↑r steel-making technology, some progress has been made in both theo↑retical innovation a↑nd practice of production. The upgrade of the iron a↑nd steel products has been realized a↑nd majo↑r breakthrough has been achieved in structural adjustment of products. At the same time, an impo↑rtant result has been accomplished in energy saving, emission reduction a↑nd environmental protection. Further development of iron a↑nd steel technology is bound to create good conditions fo↑r structural optimization a↑nd sustainable development of China’s iron a↑nd steel industry. In this paper, the development a↑nd the main technological achievements of steel-making technology in China in past two years are systematically summarized. The ↑deficiency a↑nd gap on the current technology of steel-making subject in China↑ are analyzed↑ by being compared with overseas advanced technology. The main development goals a↑nd outlook of China’s steel-making technology in new century are put fo↑rward. The production technology in the process of LD↑ steelmaking, EAF↑steelmaking,↑refining ↑a↑nd CC ↑↑are↑↑ s↑ummarized a↑nd analyzed to realize the high-effectiveness a↑nd↑cleanness of steelmaking. The ↑steel-making process is systematically optimized by way of ↑resolving a↑nd ↑integrating of metallurgical functions of steel-making process. A new recyclable steel-making process technology is fo↑rmed a↑nd the level of China’s steel-making technology will be further enhanced so as to realize the production of clean steel with high efficiency, low cost a↑nd cleanness.↑↑
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↑↑↑一、↑↑ ↑↑↑引 言↑↑↑↑
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进入新世纪以来，我国钢铁工业得到持续快速发展，炼钢学科技术无论在理论创新与实践方面，还是在品种质量方面都取得重大进展，其中生产工艺优化理论与技术创新、节能降耗、污染物无害化与再资源化技术创新方面都取得了显著进展。以此为基础，炼钢工业所需的装备、相关材料与技术的自主开发、创新也取得了长足的进步。这是中国钢铁工业进入新世纪以来得以持续高速增长最重要的支撑条件之一，也是中国炼钢学科技术快速迈向国际先进水平的重要标志。↑↑
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↑近两年来，炼钢科学技术的发展，可以归纳为高效化和洁净化两条主线。高效化包括：生产率和生产速率的提高，资源利用效率的提高，能量利用效率的提高等；洁净化包括：钢内部洁净度提高和炼钢生产对外部环境劣化影响的减少两方面。炼钢学科技术发展为钢铁行业的高效清洁生产奠定了良好的基础，是钢铁行业协调发展，优化环境的重要支撑条件。↑↑↑
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与先进钢铁生产国家相比，我国炼钢科技与生产，在某些方面仍存在着一些不足和差距，主要反映在：大型化的冶炼设备在整个行业中所在的比例，与国外仍有较大差距；炉外处理绝对量增长虽快，但铁水预处理比和钢水精炼比与先进钢铁生产国家仍差距较大；受供电与废钢、废钢代用原料供应的制约，我国电炉钢比例2008年不到10％，与世界发达国家接近40％相比，有一定差距；一些炼钢前沿技术的自主开发与产业化步伐也落后于先进钢铁生产国家（如薄带坯连铸直轧、半凝固加工、电磁冶金、连续炼钢等）。↑↑
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为了实现炼钢学科技术新的发展战略目标，必须认真回顾、总结近两年来我国炼钢科学技术发展所取得的成就，分析存在的不足和差距，研究今后炼钢技术的发展趋势和方向，不断创新，为完善和发展炼钢学科的理论和工艺做出贡献。↑↑
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