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冶金工程技术专题报告——炼铁

作者：王维兴 冯根生 陈令坤              发布时间：2013-06-26


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↑钢铁冶金分学科发展——炼铁↑↑ ↑
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↑王维兴↑↑冯根生↑↑陈令坤↑↑ ↑
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↑↑Development of Iron a↑nd Steel Metallurgy——Iron Making↑↑↑ ↑
↑Wang Weixing, Feng Gensheng, Chen lingkun↑↑ ↑
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↑      China has become the largest iron producing country in the wo↑rld. In 2007, its hot metal yield was 471 million tons, which accounted fo↑r 49.83% of the wo↑rld production. The technical-economic indexes of blast furnace fo↑r key Chinese enterprises, which include the coke ratio 392kg/t, PCI ratio 137kg/t, a↑nd hot blast temperature 1125℃, reach the highest level in histo↑ry. The coke ratio 267kg/t, PCI ratio 215kg/t, hot blast temperature 1242℃, a↑nd energy consumption 397kgce/t from 4747 m↑3↑ blast furnace of Baosteel even hit the leading level of the wo↑rld. However, it indicates that Chinese ironmaking development is unbalanced since 100 million tons of hot metal was produced by small backward blast furnaces.↑↑ ↑
↑In recent years, prominent progresses of iron making technology in China are made in design theo↑ry of blast furnace, blast furnace equipment a↑nd production, blast furnace operation technology, raw materials structure optimization, blast furnace with oxygen-enriched large PCI a↑nd smelting reduction process, etc. ↑↑ ↑
↑The large blast furnaces, inner volume from 4350m↑3↑ to 5800m↑3↑, can be designed independently in China. The new generation of recycling iron a↑nd steel production process theo↑ry has been applied in building the giant of steel industry, Jingtang Iron a↑nd Steel Company through a successful course from theo↑ry into the practice of research, design, manufacture a↑nd construction. At present, China is developing the courses rapidly fo↑r the large-scale blast furnaces, such as 11 blast furnaces with the inner volumes mo↑re than 4000m↑3↑, over 160 blast furnaces with the inner volumes mo↑re than 1000m↑3↑, a↑nd 19 new blast furnaces under constructing projects with the inner volumes mo↑re than 1000m↑3↑.↑↑ ↑
↑Raw materials structure has been optimized further. 52 grate-kiln production lines in China a↑nd mo↑re than 120 million tons every year fo↑r total pellet output promote the rapid development of the processes a↑nd equipment fo↑r grate-kiln of pellet production. The mixture ratio of pellet in raw materials is mo↑re than 15% which leads to energy saving a↑nd emission reduction.↑↑ ↑
↑The oxygen-enriched large PCI has already been held in China. The blast furnaces PCI ratio fo↑r key Chinese steel enterprises was 137kg/t in 2007 a↑nd the total coal of injection into blast furnace were 49.78 million tons. PCI technics make new progresses in China including the basic theo↑ry of PCI, the technologies on increase the coal rate, bituminous coal a↑nd anthracite coal mix to injection into blast furnace, etc.↑↑ ↑
↑Large blast furnace operation technics have been in mature stage in China, the blast furnace can be steady run with external changing conditions. The hot metal, of mo↑re than 80 blast furnaces in China, contains [Si] less than 0.4%, The top gas pressures of all kinds of blast furnace are continuously increased.↑↑ ↑
↑In November 2007, the biggest a↑nd wo↑rld leading COREX-3000 smelting reduction equipment was put into operation in Baosteel. Improvements have been made in raw materials prepareing, feeding equipment a↑nd operation, etc, which promote the development of non-blast-furnace iron making.↑↑ ↑
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↑↑一、 引 言↑↑↑ ↑
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↑2007~2008↑↑上半年中国炼铁工业处于高速发展阶段。↑↑2007↑↑年全国生铁产量达↑↑4.76↑↑亿吨，占世界总产量的↑↑49.59%↑↑，比上年度增长↑↑15.22%↑↑。中国在生铁产量高速增长的同时，钢铁冶金科技进步和生产建设等方面也得到了较快的发展，炼铁技术装备的设计、制造、安装水平也得到较大的提升。↑↑ ↑

↑2007↑↑年是中国炼铁分学科行业发展最好的一年。通过修订《高炉炼铁工艺设计规范》和《烧结厂设计规范》提升了炼铁分学科的一些理念，例如：生产技术水平提高，炼铁生产的节能减排效果明显，设备大型化和高效化等。↑↑2007↑↑年全国重点钢铁企业高炉炼铁的一些技术经济指标创造出历史最好水平，近三年全国重点钢铁企业技术指标见表↑↑1↑↑。以宝钢、武钢、鞍钢、首钢、攀钢为代表的一批高炉部分技术经济指标达到国际先进水平，详见表↑↑2↑↑。攀钢高炉使用钒钛磁铁矿进行冶炼（含铁品位为↑↑50.31%↑↑），实现利用系数↑↑2.592 t/(m3·d)↑↑，也是世界领先水平。近三年全国重点钢铁企业炼铁系统工序能耗的情况见表↑↑3↑↑。↑↑2008↑↑年指标比前两年呈下降趋势，主要是因原燃料质量变差导致。↑↑ ↑

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